Gender discrimination

GENDER DISCRIMINATION
Gender based discrimination against female children is pervading across the world. As per the literature female has been treated inferior by Male gender. Due to this inferior female fail to understand their rights and they start demotivating themselves. This is deeply chasing in the mind of women.

Why we say India is Male dominated country? There are two main factors on which discrimination or inequality takes place first one is educational inequality and second one is health inequality. These are the indicators of women's welfare. In india irrespective of the caste, creed, religion and social status all these status of woman is lower than man. A Male child is postulated as a blessings and on the other hand girls are considered as a burden.

In fact the women are becoming targets of genetic atrocities of many types. Discrimination against them from very early period. Women lives in problems such as early marriage, domestic activity and lesser
Education. They have been discriminated against from early childhood. The girl child is usually burdened with responsibilities that are beyond her capacity.

However some Indian women have been able to overcome the barriers in their path and became successful in many walks of life. Today the presence of women are indulging in various occupations and public offices. They are giving their equal hand and now they are more active towards their rights .

Agricultural resource

AGRICULTURE

What do you mean by agriculture?
India is an agricultural important country. Two thirds of its population is engaged in agricultural activities.
Agriculture is a primary activity which produces most of the food that we consume. Such as food grains and also non food crops like raw material for various industries.

Types of Farming
Agriculture is an age old economic activity. There are some characteristics on which the cultivation depends such as environment, technology, socio cultural practices.

Primitive subsistence Farming: This type of farming is still practised in few pockets of India. It is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe,dao and digging sticks. And it is only for family that they are indulging themself with it for their needs. This type of farming counts upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and other environmental conditions. Basically it is a 'slash and burn' agriculture. Farmers clear a patch of land and when the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear  fresh patch of land for cultivation.

Intensive subsistence Farming: This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land. It is obtaining higher production.

Commercial Farming: This type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, example.chemical ,insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity. For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab.

Mixed farming: This type of Farming found in the highly developed parts of the world. There are some crops such as wheat,barley,oats,rye,maize,fodder and root crops.

Dairy farming: It is very advanced farming.It is highly capital intensive. Animal sheds,storage facilities for fodder,feeding andmachines addto thecost of dairy farming.

Energy resources

ENERGY RESOURCES

what do you mean by energy resources?
Energy is required for all activities. It is needed to cook, to provide light and heat, to drive machinery in industries.
Energy resources can be classified in two ways:

a) Conventional sources : It includes some sources such as firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity etc.

1) COAL
what is coal and in what ways it is used?
Coal is conventional sources of energy.It is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It used for power generation, to supply energy to industry as well as for domestic needs. What is the formation of coal?              Coal is formed due the compression of plants material over millions of years. It's formation depends on the depth and time of burial.
Lignite : It is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. It is found in Tamil nadu and used for generation of electricity.          Bituminous : Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperatures is bituminous coal. It is most popular coal in commercial use.  Where coal occurs in rock series?          Main geological ages, namely gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age. The major resources of gondwana coal which is located in damodar valley. Jharia, raniganj, bokaro are important coalfields.

2) PETROLEUM.
What is petroleum and what are the ways of using it ?
Petroleum or mineral oil is the next major energy source in India.It provides fuel for heat and lighting and raw materials for a number of manufacturing indutries.                    Where petroleum gas is found ?Petroleum gas is found in fault traps between porous and non porous rocks. Gas being lighter usually occurs above the oil. About 63% of Indian's petroleum production from Mumbai, 18% from Gujarat and 16% from Assam.

3) NATURAL GAS
Natural gas  is an important clean energy resource. It is used as a source of energy as well as an Industrial .Natural gas is considered an environment friendly.
Where it is found?
Large reserves of natural gas have been discovered in the Krishna godavari basin. Andaman and Nicobar islands are also important areas too.

b) Non conventional sources : It includes solar, wind, tidal, geothermal etc.
1) SOLAR.
India is a tropical country. It has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy. Solar power plants are being established in different parts of India. Which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation.

2) WIND POWER.
India has great potential of wind power. The largest wind farm is located in Tamil nadu from nagarcoil to Madurai.

GEO THERMAL ENERGY.
3) It refers to the heat and electricity produced. Groundwater in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot.

Stand up women

A woman Kavita who is 65 years of age recount her story when she was brought into the world her mom was being insulted by her parents-in-law's family and she contacted as well. Her lady outfit up she needed to go to class for getting training however her dad ate. She couldn't get any sort of instruction than she was at 17 years old she got hitched with 25 years of age man.

Commemorates!! It is an account of Kavita there are a lot more Kavita too who are enduring, not ready to speak more loudly, don't get any rights, regard as well. What sort of life Kavita experienced that since birth she had been listening that young ladies are made for a household course and they would not ready to go outside of the house their life is in four dividers.

Why young ladies are quiet? It is safe to say that they are not able? Have they not fearlessness for getting their privileges? Are the not mindful of instruction? Are the stifled by family and society?

Young ladies have strength, boldness, capacity, and want. They can do anything, they can speak loudly also. They have benefits for getting their privileges and society must be changed their reasoning in light of the fact that their manner of thinking would not impact just young ladies yet in addition to the entire world, destitute them the world is nothing. We ought not to transform others thinking just we change ourselves and attempt to spread inspiration and mindfulness towards training.

Further more I would illuminate a few lines that There are mottos, promotions, mindfulness programs, and so forth. Our legislature is doing admirably for young ladies however it isn't sufficient again I a rehashing that it isn't sufficient we need to deal with our manner of thinking which will certifiably change our reality. On the off chance that we instruct them, that means we show our reality. Will see soon hopeful or productive repercussions.

Soil resource

SOIL AS A RESOURCE

what is soil?
Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the main medium of plant growth and different types of living organisms on the earth. Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soils are equally important. Soil also consist of organic and inorganic materials.

What are the factors which are responsible for soil formation?
There are some factors such as colour, thickness, texture, age, Chemical and physical properties etc.

What are the types of soil ?
1) Alluvial soils.
2) Black soil.
3) Red and Yellow soils.
4) Laterite soil.
5) Arid soil.

Explanation of the type of soil one by one:
ALLUVIAL SOIL.
This is the most widely spread soil. The entire northern plains are made of alluvial soil. The soil has been deposited by three important Himalayas river system the Indus, the ganga and the Brahmaputra. This soil consist of various proportion of sand, silt and clay. Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. These soils contain potash, phosphoric acid and lime.which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane,paddy,whear and pulse ccros.

BLACK SOIL.
These soils are black in colour and it is known as regur soil. This soil is ideal for growing cotton and it also known as black cotton soil. Soil counts on climatic condition. They cover the plateueaus of Maharashtra, saurashtra, malwa and chhattisgarh.They are well known for their capacity to hold moisture. They are rich in nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. And generally poor in phosphoric content.

RED AND YELLOW SOILS.
Red soil develops on igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau. These soils also found in odisha, chhattisgarh and western ghats.

LATERITE SOIL.
The laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. Humus content of the soil is low because most of the micro organisms, particularly the decomposers, like bacteria. These soils are mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Assam. This soil suitable for crops like cashew nut.

ARID SOILS.
Arid soil range from red to brown in colour. They are generally Sandy in texture and saline in nature. Due to the dry climate the soil lacks humus and moisture.

SOIL EROSION.
The processes of soil formation and erosion, go on generally there is balance between the two but sometimes this balance is disturbed due to human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, construction and mining etc.

SOIL CONSERVATION.
Large field can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left grow up the force of the wind. This method known as strip cropping.  Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called contour ploughing.

Water resources

                 WATER RESOURCES. 

What is water?

Water is essential for our life devoid it we cannot survive in every step of our life we need water.There are three fourth of the earth's surface is covered with water, but only a small proportion of its accounts for fresh water that can be put to use this freshwater is obtained from groundwater. It is being renewed or recycled by hydrological cycle and it ensure that water is renewable source.

USES OF WATER.

Many uses of water such as in agricultural,industrial,household,recreational and environmental activities.

Where water scarcity likely to occur?               
1) water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing population and on the other hand water has greater in demand.
2) A large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food.
3) Hence to facilitate higher food grain production water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigation areas and dry season agriculture.
4) many farmers have their own Wells and tube Wells for irrigation to increase their produce.
5) There is disadvantage also is that groundwater levels, adversely affecting water availability and for security of the people.
6) Housing societies or colonies in the cities,you would see that most of these have, own groundwater pumping devices. This scarcity may be due to bad quality of water.

How to conserve the water? 

1) Hydraulic structure (this is a ancient related) like dams built of Stone rubble or lakes, embankments and canals for irrigation.
2) Water supply for domestic and industrial uses, Flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.
3) The Giraud project in the mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control.
4) Multipurpose project, launched after independence with their integrated water resources management approach.

Land resources

                    LAND RESOURCES 

What is Land resources? 
                    
A land resource is that on which we live, perform our economic activities, and use it in many ways. What are the uses of land?                                 
1) Recreational: fun, non-essentials like a park.                                 
2) Agriculture: farmland.                         
3) Residential: Housing.                         
4) Transport: Roads, Railways, and Airports.   
5) Commercial: Business and Factories.                       

What is the land use pattern in India?           
In this land use is determined in two ways: Physical factors such as Topography, Climate, Soil types. Human factors such as Population density, Technological capability and culture, and tradition, etc. The total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq km. land-use data is available only 93% of the total geographical area land under permanent pasture has decreased. Most of the lands are available in either poor quality or the cost of the land is very high. Hence these lands are cultivated once or twice in about two to three years.                     

NET SOWN area in some states. It is over 80% in Punjab and Haryana of the total area of less than 10% in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Manipur. A part of the land is termed as wasteland. Wasteland includes such as rocky, arid, and desert areas. The use of non-agricultural land uses include settlements, roads, railways, and industry, etc.

LAND DEGRADATION.   
We use the land for our basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing which are obtained from the land. Human activities have not done the degradation of the land but also damages the pace of natural forces to cause damage to the land.           

Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining, and quarrying too have contributed significantly to land degradation. Industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country. There are some ways to solve problems of land degradation of land (conservation)     
 1) Afforestation. 
         
2) Proper management of grazing.                             
3) Planting of shelter belts of plants.               
4) Control on overgrazing.