Unification of Germany, italy and britain.

UNIFICATION OF ITALY, GERMANY AND STRANGE CASE OF BRITAIN 

THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY

After 1848 nationalism was turned into a mere sentiment used by conservatives for promoting state power. Liberal initiatives were suppressed by monarchy, military and junkers(Prussian landowners).

Otto.von Bismarck he was a chief minister and he wanted to make strong German empire even he never favored democracy and liberalism. He only used military reforms for unification of germany.

Three wars had done in seven years among Austria, Demark, France, and Prussia. Prussia won in this wars and It became unified.

In January 1871 the prussian king William 1 he proclaimed german emperor  in a ceremony held at Versailles.

The new state placed a strong emphasis on modernizing the currency, Banking, Legal and judicial system.

At last with the help of all these efforts  Germany unification had done.

      Unification of germany(1866-71)

ITALY UNIFIED 

Italy was scattered into many dynastic states. In north had Austrian habsburgs which ruled by Pope and southern region had bourbon kings.

They had many regional and local variations. 

During the 1830s Giuseppe mazzini he wanted to unify the Italy. He formed a secret society called young Italy. 

Sardinian Piedmont was ruled by king victor Emmanuel 2nd. His terminology was that devoid wars we didn't get any liberty.

Chief minister cavour he famous for his diplomacy skills. He led the movement against Austria empire in 1859.

Giuseppe garibaldi he was Italian general. He fought a lot wars and Peasants gave him support. 

In 1861 the kingdom of two sicilies won and italy unified. victor Emmanuel announced as a king of Italy.

          Italian states before unification 1858

           Italy after unification 

THE STRANGE CASE OF BRITAIN 

Formation of a state was not due to Sudden upheaval or revolution. There were so many ethnic groups such as Irish, English, Welsh and Scots. 

English nation was steadily grew up in way of wealth and  power and it became important. 

English parliament seized power from the monarchy in 1688. Act of 1707 between England and Scotland led to the formation of United kingdom of Great Britain. 

English was influenced on Scotland and Ireland was divided into two parts Catholics and protestants. 

English supported protestants .

Wolf stone he formed a group called United irishmen. They revolted in 1798. Britain became a nation state with its British flag and national anthem.