CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
February 1922 Non cooperation movement had been withdrawn by Gandhiji.
SOME CONGRESS MEMBERS FAVORED to participate in council elections. Swaraj party had formed by C.R Das and Motilal nehru.
SOME WERE DISFAVORED: Jawaharlal nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose favored radical mass struggle and full independence.
During the situation of internal debate. There were some other things that brought changes in Indian politics.
1) Economic depression
Prices of agricultural goods fell.( Britishers were rendering ready for world war) that's why they had been getting huge taxes from Indian.
2) SIMON Commission was setup under Sir John Simon for constitutional reforms .( there were not present any single Indian)
GO BACK SIMON
▪︎Demonstration by all the parties like Congress and Muslim league.
▪︎Lord Irwin made unreal promise of granting dominion status .
▪︎Round table conference had been organized for discussing future construction.
Note: Indian had not believed on lord Irwin because he didn't give them specific date or time.
Purna swaraj in Lahore session of Congress 1929.
26 January 1930 to be celebrated as Independence Day. But it couldn't have attract by many people .
Gandhiji decided to take some concrete steps.
STEPS TAKEN BY GANDHIJI
▪︎Wrote a letter to lord Irwin stating demands of different groups.
▪︎Included different groups in order to create unity.
▪︎Demand of abolition of salt tax.
Note: If the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March than the congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign.
On 12th March 1930 gandhiji started salt March from sabarmati to dandi.
Civil disobedience
• Salt law was broken.
• Liquor shops were picketed.
• Boycott of foreign clothes.
• Non payment of taxes.
• Village officials resigned.
Aftermath: Government started arresting political leaders. This lead to violence between police and people.
With this again Gandhiji called off the movement.
▪︎ lord Irwin invited Gandhiji jn round table conference in London.
▪︎Failure of round table conference 1931 London.
▪︎when he returned to India the SITUATION OF INDIA HAD TOTALLY CHANGED.
• Abdul ghaffar Khan and nehru were in jail .
• Congress was declared illegal.
• Prevention of meetings and demonstrations.
Again : civil disobedience movement was relaunched.
But now people were not ready to participate.
THE PARTICIPATE WERE
▪︎ Peasants : Reduction in revenue and no rent .
▪︎Business class : They were against the policies that restricted business and wanted protection against imported goods. They demanded rupee sterling foreign exchange.
▪︎ Industrial workers : Some participated in the movement. They boycott foreign clothes and workers fought against low wages.
WHO DIDN'T PARTICIPATE
▪︎ Untouchables : who called themselves dalit . Initially the Congress ignored them. Gandhiji supported them.
At last we can say that when the civil disobedience movement started there was distrust and suspicion between various social groups as most of them felt that they were being alienated.
February 1922 Non cooperation movement had been withdrawn by Gandhiji.
SOME CONGRESS MEMBERS FAVORED to participate in council elections. Swaraj party had formed by C.R Das and Motilal nehru.
SOME WERE DISFAVORED: Jawaharlal nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose favored radical mass struggle and full independence.
During the situation of internal debate. There were some other things that brought changes in Indian politics.
1) Economic depression
Prices of agricultural goods fell.( Britishers were rendering ready for world war) that's why they had been getting huge taxes from Indian.
2) SIMON Commission was setup under Sir John Simon for constitutional reforms .( there were not present any single Indian)
GO BACK SIMON
▪︎Demonstration by all the parties like Congress and Muslim league.
▪︎Lord Irwin made unreal promise of granting dominion status .
▪︎Round table conference had been organized for discussing future construction.
Note: Indian had not believed on lord Irwin because he didn't give them specific date or time.
Purna swaraj in Lahore session of Congress 1929.
26 January 1930 to be celebrated as Independence Day. But it couldn't have attract by many people .
Gandhiji decided to take some concrete steps.
STEPS TAKEN BY GANDHIJI
▪︎Wrote a letter to lord Irwin stating demands of different groups.
▪︎Included different groups in order to create unity.
▪︎Demand of abolition of salt tax.
Note: If the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March than the congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign.
On 12th March 1930 gandhiji started salt March from sabarmati to dandi.
Civil disobedience
• Salt law was broken.
• Liquor shops were picketed.
• Boycott of foreign clothes.
• Non payment of taxes.
• Village officials resigned.
Aftermath: Government started arresting political leaders. This lead to violence between police and people.
With this again Gandhiji called off the movement.
▪︎ lord Irwin invited Gandhiji jn round table conference in London.
▪︎Failure of round table conference 1931 London.
▪︎when he returned to India the SITUATION OF INDIA HAD TOTALLY CHANGED.
• Abdul ghaffar Khan and nehru were in jail .
• Congress was declared illegal.
• Prevention of meetings and demonstrations.
Again : civil disobedience movement was relaunched.
But now people were not ready to participate.
THE PARTICIPATE WERE
▪︎ Peasants : Reduction in revenue and no rent .
▪︎Business class : They were against the policies that restricted business and wanted protection against imported goods. They demanded rupee sterling foreign exchange.
▪︎ Industrial workers : Some participated in the movement. They boycott foreign clothes and workers fought against low wages.
WHO DIDN'T PARTICIPATE
▪︎ Untouchables : who called themselves dalit . Initially the Congress ignored them. Gandhiji supported them.
At last we can say that when the civil disobedience movement started there was distrust and suspicion between various social groups as most of them felt that they were being alienated.
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